Imagine you’re a company with a stash of Bitcoin or Ethereum, and you’re scratching your head wondering, “How on Earth do we account for this in our books?” Well, good news has arrived. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the rule-makers for how businesses in the United States should do their accounting, just voted unanimously to bring some clarity to this head-spinning question.
Until now, companies didn’t have a clear-cut rule to follow. They usually stick to guidelines set by the American Institute of CPAs, treating cryptocurrencies as intangible assets, like copyrights or trademarks. But there’s a big difference. Unlike copyrights, you can trade crypto. And the price can shoot up or plummet within a day or even hours. So, treating them the same as copyrights didn’t quite make sense.
So what does this change mean? Well, businesses now need to report their crypto holdings at what’s called “fair value.” Basically, they need to account for it based on its current market value. This new approach can make a company’s profits look like a rollercoaster because of the volatile nature of crypto prices, but it’s a more accurate way to show what those assets are actually worth at any given moment.
For example, if a company’s Bitcoin value drops momentarily but rebounds quickly, they can record that rebound in their financial statements. Companies like MicroStrategy, which hold large amounts of crypto, find this new method to be a better reflection of their financial standing.
The new rules are expected to come into play by 2025, but companies who want to be the early birds catching the crypto worms can adopt them sooner if they wish. And there’s a bit more. Companies need to break down their crypto holdings in their balance sheets, separate from other intangible assets. So, investors can easily spot how much of a company’s value is tied up in digital currency. Also, firms must add some footnotes, detailing any significant crypto holdings and whether there are any restrictions on using them.
Interestingly, this decision doesn’t cover all digital assets. So if you’re into Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), stablecoins, or wrapped tokens, these rules aren’t for you. The board decided to stick to the basics for now, but they’re keeping an eye on the market and might expand their scope down the road.
In short, this decision by FASB is a big leap toward giving crypto the mainstream credibility it has been craving. It clears up a lot of confusion and makes life easier for businesses holding digital currencies. So accountants, get ready to rewrite those ledgers; crypto is getting a seat at the grown-up’s table.
